Richard L. Wynn, PhD, is professor emeritus of pharmacology in the Department of Neural and Pain Sciences at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry.

He is a nationally recognized speaker, author, columnist, and consultant on dental drug therapeutics and drug information for the dental professional. He is the lead author of the most recognized chairside dental drug reference book, Drug Information Handbook for Dentistry, now in its 29th edition.

Dr. Wynn keeps the dental profession informed about current issues relative to drugs in dentistry, including new therapeutic agents, new drug interactions, and newly reported adverse reactions in dental patients. He researches the literature daily for new reports of interest to the profession.  

The first part of Program 3 focuses on the molecular characteristics, mechanisms, and clinical applications of local anesthetics used in dental practice. This section provides detailed information on the pharmacology of commonly used local anesthetics, their maximum dosage guidelines, and considerations for patient safety.

Upon completion of Program Three, Part 1, participants will be able to:

• Identify the molecular characteristics that define a local anesthetic.
• Explain the mechanism of action of local anesthetics.
• State the maximum doses for the following local anesthetics:
  • Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000
  • Bupivacaine 0.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000
  • Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000
• Describe the molecular characteristics of articaine that differentiate it from lidocaine.
• Summarize the findings of the Haas study on the incidence of paresthesia with articaine.
• Describe the incidence of paresthesia as indicated on the labeling for articaine.
• Define the drug interactions between local anesthetics and non-selective beta-blockers, as well as with antidepressants.
• Describe the pharmacology of Kovanaze, the nasal spray anesthetic.

Upon completion of the online course, participants are required to pass an online post-course assessment with a minimum grade of 75%.

Once the online course has been accessed, no refunds will be provided.

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